ABSTRACT
Background: Persistent thin endometrium affects <1% of patients. Various treatments have been proposed with no satisfactory results. GCSF is one such treatment modality which improves endometrial thickness and implantation. Aim of this study was to analyse the effects of dose and the site of instilling intrauterine G-CSF in COS IUI cycles in patients with unexplained infertility and to note the pregnancy rates among them.Methods: It is a 3-year retrospective study done in obstetrics and gynecology department of AJ Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, that included all unexplained infertility cycles with controlled ovulation stimulation-IUI protocols where for a thin endometrium GCSF was used. The method of ovarian stimulation, the drug and dose used, the trigger for ovulation and the ovarian and endometrial response was noted. The day of the intrauterine GCSF and the dose and the site of instillation was noted. The endometrial response to GCSF the outcome for pregnancy was noted. All the data was analyzed statistically.Results: Significant endometrial response was seen with a dose of 100 mg,150 mg and 300 mg. Pregnancy outcome was better when GCSF was instilled just above the level of the os. GCSF instilled at the level of the fundus increases the possibility of ectopic pregnancy.Conclusions: Instillation of GCSF of 100 mg dosage just above the os; is a safe and effective method for improving the endometrial thickness and increasing pregnancy rate.
ABSTRACT
Background: Menstrual cup is an alternative to sanitary pads, which has received attention in relatively small-scale studies in high income, and low- and middle-income countries, including among schoolgirls. Made of high-grade medical grade silicone (biodegradable) have the advantage of reuse, and can potentially last up to 10 years. Objective of this study was to assess and analyse the awareness regarding menstrual cup among the women of reproductive age group.Methods: Data collected from the selected eligible participants by an interviewer administered study proforma. It is a descriptive cross-sectional study over 1 month in women in reproductive age in A. J. Institute Mangalore, Karnataka, India.Results: A total 82% were aware about menstrual cup but only 2.6% have used it.Conclusions: One challenge of menstruation that is taken for granted in affluent countries is the simple question of how to manage or contain the menstrual flow and what happens to a girl or woman who is not able to do this successfully. Menstrual hygiene management is therefore an increasingly important (yet often unrecognized) issue that is heavily intertwined with girls’ education, empowerment, and social development.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Spleen plays an important function in immunity and haematological functions. So, nowadays totalsplenectomy is replaced by splenic conservative surgeries. Partial removal of spleen is possible, as the spleenis divided into various segments, supplied by its own artery. The present study was undertaken to know about thesegmental branches of splenic artery.Objectives: 1.To study the number of primary segmental branches of splenic artery. 2. to measure the distancebetween the termination of splenic artery and hilum.Materials and methods: The present study was conducted on 79 adult human cadaver spleens by dissectionmethod, irrespective of their age and sex, fixed in 10% formalin solution, collected from the Department ofAnatomy and Forensic Medicine, Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Mysore.Results: Two primary segmental branches were seen in 56 (70.9%) specimens, three primary segmental brancheswere seen in 19 (24.1%) specimens and four primary segmental branches were seen in 4 (5.1%) specimens. Themean distance between termination of splenic artery and hilum of the spleen was 2.1 cm. and the range wasextending from 0.3 cm to 6.1 cm.Conclusion: The present study adds up to the existing knowledge regarding the segmental branches of splenicartery, the better anatomical knowledge about segmental distribution of splenic artery and its variations areimportant for the partial removal of the spleen.